Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the bile, a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. They are more common in people over 40 and affect women twice as often as men.
Asymptomatic gallstones
Many people with gallstones experience no symptoms and are only diagnosed incidentally during scans for other conditions. Only about a third of people with gallstones develop problems.
Uncomplicated gallstone disease
The most common symptom is biliary colic – a sharp pain in the upper abdomen, often triggered by eating fatty foods. Pain occurs when gallstones block the cystic duct or bile duct, causing pressure on the gallbladder. The stone may pass naturally, relieving the pain, or the episode may recur. Most people only experience occasional discomfort, and around 5% develop more serious issues.