The Physicians' Clinic

Acid reflux, indigestion and dysphagia

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020 3993 8581

020 3993 8581

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Understanding acid reflux and indigestion

Heartburn and indigestion are very common, but if you’re having persistent symptoms, you should have them investigated. Acid reflux happens when stomach acid leaks into the oesophagus, causing burning pain (heartburn) or upper abdominal discomfort (dyspepsia). Dyspepsia may also cause bloating, nausea, belching, or feeling full quickly after eating.

Around one in five people experience heartburn every week, and one in ten every day – often made worse by eating quickly, eating fatty foods, or being overweight.

Persistent heartburn is usually due to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). It occurs when the muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus weakens, allowing acid to rise up regularly. Symptoms may include:

  • Heartburn or indigestion
  • A sour taste in the mouth
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Cough, sore throat or wheezing (less common)

If untreated, GORD can cause tooth enamel damage, scarring of the oesophagus, or pre-cancerous changes (Barrett’s oesophagus). Because chest pain can mimic heart problems, it’s always best to get checked.

Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, can feel like food sticking in the oesophagus. Around one in three people with GORD develop this problem due to acid scarring that narrows the oesophagus. Key points are:

  • Occasional swallowing problems are rarely serious
  • Worsening or persistent dysphagia will need prompt investigation
  • Causes range from harmless narrowing (strictures) to more serious conditions such as oesophageal cancer

If you’ve noticed new or recurring symptoms such as reflux, indigestion, or difficulty swallowing, it’s important to get them checked – even if they seem mild. At The Physicians’ Clinic, we take a careful, step-by-step approach to finding out what’s going on. Depending on your situation, we may recommend:

  • Blood tests – to check for signs of infection, inflammation, or other underlying issues.
  • Scans – to give a clear picture of your digestive system.
  • Gastroscopy – a straightforward day-case test, using a tiny camera to look directly at your oesophagus and stomach. This provides very accurate information and helps us identify the cause of your symptoms quickly and safely.

Our team will guide you through each step, so you know exactly what to expect.

The right treatment depends on what we find, but rest assured that most people respond well to simple measures. Your consultant may recommend:

  • Lifestyle changes – such as adjusting your diet, eating habits, or weight management.
  • Medication – acid-reducing drugs (like proton pump inhibitors) can ease discomfort and protect your oesophagus.
  • Antibiotics – if tests show a peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, this can usually be treated very effectively with a short course of antibiotics alongside other medication.
  • Endoscopic or surgical treatment – this is rarely needed, but if symptoms persist despite other approaches, your consultant will talk you through the safest and most effective options.

Whatever the cause, you’ll have a clear plan and ongoing support from our team, so you can feel confident about your next steps.